Hereditary hemochromatosis caused by a C282Y/H63D mutation in the HFE gene: A case report

Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is a disease characterized by disordered iron metabolism. It often involves mutations of the HFE gene, which encodes the homeostatic iron regulator protein (HFE), as well as mutations affecting hepcidin antimicrobial peptide, hemojuvelin, or transferrin receptor 2. Historically, HH has been observed primarily in European and European diaspora populations, while classical HH is rare in Asian populations, including in China. In this article, we report a rare case of HH in a Chinese man that could be attributed to a heterozygous C282Y/H63D HFE mutation. Based on clinical examination, liver biopsy, and genetic testing results, the patient was diagnosed with HH. Clinical signs and symptoms and serum iron-related test results were recorded for a period of two years after the patient began treatment. Over this observation period, the patient was subjected to 25 phlebotomies (accounting for a total blood loss of 10.2 L). His serum ferritin levels decreased from 1550 μg/L to 454 μg/L, his serum iron concentration decreased from 40 μmol/L to 24.6 μmol/L, and his transferrin saturation decreased from 97.5% to 55.1%. Early diagnosis is essential for patients with HH to obtain good outcomes. Regular phlebotomy after diagnosis can improve HH symptoms and delay HH disease progression.