Controlling hysteresis effect on ambient-processed perovskite solar cells: investigating the antisolvent effect

Fabrication of perovskite solar cells based on antisolvent treatment has attracted enormous attentions due to the great potential of achieving better crystallization and relatively high efficiency of the solar cells. Two main challenges to fabricating perovskite solar cells are hysteresis and their sensitivity to preliminary conditions, especially air moisture and oxygen. Here, we have investigated the dependency of different antisolvent effects including toluene, chloroform, chlorobenzene, dioxane, and isopropanol on the hysteresis of ambient-processed perovskite cells. The findings show that for fabrication of the cells in ambient conditions, efficient cells can be produced by using toluene antisolvent in comparison with the other ones, where the efficiency of this cell reached 12