Frontiers in MXene research: Pioneering synthesis, unveiled properties, and emerging applications in VOC detection

Throughout history, numerous incidents involving harmful gas leaks have been documented, highlighting a clear and pressing vulnerability in safety protocols. These events underscore the critical need for materials capable of proactively detecting dangerous gases before they reach perilous concentrations. With the rapid evolution of technology, the emerging material 'MXene' stands out due to its unique properties, including the presence of abundant and tunable surface functional groups, high conductivity, good stability under a wide range of environmental conditions, exceptional chemical and thermal stability, and a high surface area. These attributes make MXene a promising candidate for advancing gas detection capabilities. This review delves into MXene-based sensors, highlighting their potential to detect various volatile organic gases at very low concentrations, measured in parts per million. To provide a comprehensive overview, we also explore the intricate structure and synthesis methods of MXene, shedding light on its unique properties and operational dynamics. We assess the synergy of MXene with substrates such as metal oxides, conducting polymers, 2D materials, and noble metals, focusing on their enhanced sensitivity, target specificity, and optimal response times. Additionally, we examine the fascinating mechanisms behind MXene's gas-sensing capabilities. Our objective is clear: to pave the way for the development of next-generation gas sensors capable of detecting minute traces of gases down to parts per billion levels under ambient conditions. By achieving this goal, we aim to establish an advanced gas sensor that offers outstanding sensitivity and energy-efficient gas sensing technologies.