Resistance of eogenetic dolomites to geochemical resetting during diagenetic alteration: A case study of the lower Qiulitage Formation of the Late Cambrian, Tarim Basin

Rare earth elements (REEs), carbon, oxygen and Mg isotopes have been widely used to explain the origin of dolomite, but dolomite may undergo complex diagenetic alteration during long geological processes, and whether the geochemical signals of precursor dolomite can be preserved is still unknown. In order to further explore the formation mechanism of dolomite and the influence of diagenetic alteration processes on geochemical parameters, this paper takes the thick-layer dolomite of the Lower Qiulitage Formation of the Late Cambrian in the Tazhong uplift area as an example and divides the dolomite into two categories through petrologic observation. One category is fabric-retentive dolomite (FRD), including algal clotted dolomite, algal psammitic or psammitic grain dolomite, and aphanocrystalline dolomite; the other category is fabric-destructive dolomite (FDD), including crystalline dolomite (CD) and siliceous dolomite (SD). Cation ordering, unit cell parameters, major/trace elements, REEs as well as C–O–Mg isotopes of the pure matrix powders of different types of dolomites are further analyzed. The results show that the dolomites are near-source/far-source seepage reflux type and sabkha type eogenetic origin, and the magnesium ions mainly come from Late Cambrian seawater; dolomite crystals of different sizes are the result of the precursor dolomite suffering varying degrees of recrystallization during the early diagenesis period, inheriting the original geochemical characteristics; hydrothermal alteration occurs in the late stage of diagenesis, with limited magnesium ions in the hydrothermal fluid. Its impact on the dolomite is mainly reflected in local dolomite distortion and a large amount of aphanocrystalline silica and coarse-grained quartz cement filling, which fails to obviously reset the geochemical information of the matrix dolomite. The above results demonstrate that, under favorable conditions, early genetic marine dolomites may resist geochemical resetting over time intervals of more than 400 million years.