Numerical study on generalized heat and mass transfer in cross-rheological fluid in the presence of multi-nanoscale particles: A Galerkin finite element approach

Thermal and concentration memory effects on the transport of heat and mass subjected to magnetic field and non-uniform free stream velocity are studied in this article. A cross-rheological model is used with governing laws that are solved numerically using the finite element method (FEM). A computer program is developed. The convergent and grid-independent solutions are computed, which are further used to analyse the impact of related parameters on flow fields. Influence of ternary, di-, and mono-nanoparticles on generalized transport of heat and mass in non-Newtonian fluids with cross-rheology. The dynamics of wall shear stress, wall heat, and mass fluxes are studied. Cross-fluid is a non-Newtonian fluid. It has shear rate-dependent viscosity. The behavior of cross-fluid rheology on velocity can be seen through a variation of the cross-fluid parameter called the Weissenberg number, and it has an increasing behavior on velocity. Cross-nanofluid is highly influenced by the magnetic field in comparison with cross-tri-nanofluid and cross-di-nanofluid.