Long-term thermo-mechanical performance evolution of a 15-cell solid oxide fuel cell stack

Understanding mechanical performance evolution and failure mechanism of solid oxide fuel cell stack (SOFCs) during long-term operation period are essential to prolong operation life and advance commercialization. In this study, based on the structural mechanical model, the evolution characteristics of thermal stress, failure probability, strains, and deformation of SOFCs fueled by partially pre-reformed CH4 during 3000 h' operation are revealed. It's found the maximum thermal stresses of anodes, sealants, and frames/ICs decease respectively by 82.9%, 74.1%, and 88.4%, while those of electrolytes and cathodes firstly fluctuate then increase. The failure probabilities of sealant and anode decrease by 6∼10 orders of magnitude, while increase by 1 order of magnitude and 1.5 times for electrolyte and cathode. 300 h later, sealant may fracture by creep strain, while the component most likely to fail due to thermal stress changes from sealant to cathode. The maximum deformation of positive electrode-electrolyte-negative electrode (PEN) locates in anode of cell 15. It is suggested creep resistance of sealant be improved to avoid creep fracture, mechanical strength of cathode/sealant be increased to decrease failure probability, and the temperature unevenness be decreased to avoid larger deformation.