Potential Antioxidant Activity Methods DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, Total Phenol and Total Flavonoid Levels of Macaranga hypoleuca (Reichb. f. & Zoll.) Leaves Extract and Fractions

The Macaranga species (Euphorbiaceae), also known locally as "mahang", has been used in traditional medicine due to its potential health benefits. Around 12 species of the Macaranga have been found to contain more than 50 flavonoid compounds, which are the primary secondary metabolites in this genus. Free radicals can lead to organ damage, resulting in various chronic and degenerative disorders. Active antioxidant compounds can help inhibit the oxidation process caused by free radicals, and phenolic compounds, mainly from the flavonoid group, are thought to be present in Macaranga hypoleuca as a source of natural antioxidants. This study aimed to identify the antioxidant potential of methanol extract and its fractions of M. hypoleuca using the DPPH, ABTS and FRAP methods using a UV-Vis spectrometer method, as well as to determine total phenol and total flavonoid levels. The highest antioxidant activity of the DPPH and ABTS methods was found in the ethyl acetate fraction with IC50 values of 14.31 and 2.10 mg/L respectively. Meanwhile, the highest antioxidant activity of the FRAP method was found in the butanol fraction with an IC50 value of 0.48 mg/L. The highest total phenol and flavonoid content was found in the butanol fraction at 27.51 mg GAE/g and 88.42 mg QE/g respectively.