High-Accuracy PML in FDTD Method for Antenna Simulation Optimization

A second-order perfect matching layer (PML) algorithm is proposed for emulating open space in antenna simulation. The algorithm combines the second-order PML stretching function with the matrix exponential (ME) method on the basis of the complex frequency-shift (CFS) perfect matching layer. This combination eliminates the convolution operation in the update equations and removes the differential operation with respect to time through integration. As a result, the absorption of reflected waves is significantly improved. To evaluate the algorithm’s performance, the numerical example of printed F antenna is used, and the results demonstrate higher accuracy and better absorption performance compared to other methods.