Correlates of mental disorder and harmful substance use in an indigenous Australian urban sample: an analysis of data from the Queensland Urban Indigenous Mental Health Survey

Limited data exists on the relationship between sociodemographic and cultural variables and the prevalence of specific mental and substance use disorders (MSDs) among Indigenous Australians, using diagnostic prevalence data. This paper utilises data from the Queensland Urban Indigenous Mental Health Survey (QUIMHS), a population-level diagnostic mental health survey, to identify socioeconomic and cultural correlates of psychological distress and specific MSDs in an urban Indigenous Australian sample. Using a mixture of household sampling (door-knocking) and snowball sampling (promotion of the survey in the community), 406 participants aged 18 to 89 were recruited across key locations in Southeast Queensland. The study investigated various demographic, socioeconomic, and cultural factors as predictors of psychological distress (measured by the Kessler-5) and MSD diagnoses (utilising the Composite International Diagnostic Interview, CIDI 3.0) using a series of univariate logistic regressions. Individuals in unstable housing (homeless, sleeping rough) and those reporting financial distress were more likely to experience an MSD in the past 12 months and throughout their lifetime. Individuals reporting lower levels of connection and belonging, limited participation in cultural events, and lower empowerment were more likely to have a lifetime mental disorder. This data emphasises the importance of addressing systemic and social determinants of health when designing and delivering community mental health services and underscores the need for holistic approaches when working with Indigenous communities.