Novel Technologies in Artificial Intelligence and Telemedicine for Glaucoma Screening.

PURPOSE:To provide an overview of novel technologies in telemedicine and artificial intelligence (AI) approaches for cost-effective glaucoma screening. METHODS/RESULTS:A narrative review was performed by summarizing research results, recent developments in glaucoma detection and care, and considerations related to telemedicine and AI in glaucoma screening. Telemedicine and AI approaches provide the opportunity for novel glaucoma screening programs in primary care, optometry, portable, and home-based settings. These approaches offer several advantages for glaucoma screening, including increasing access to care, lowering costs, identifying patients in need of urgent treatment, and enabling timely diagnosis and early intervention. However, challenges remain in implementing these systems, including integration into existing clinical workflows, ensuring equity for patients, and meeting ethical and regulatory requirements. Leveraging recent work towards standardized data acquisition as well as tools and techniques developed for automated diabetic retinopathy screening programs may provide a model for a cost-effective approach to glaucoma screening. CONCLUSION:Leveraging novel technologies and advances in telemedicine and AI-based approaches to glaucoma detection show promise for improving our ability to detect moderate and advanced glaucoma in primary care settings and target higher individuals at high risk for having the disease.