Natural distribution, structures, synthesis, and bioactivity of hasubanan alkaloids.

Hasubanan alkaloids represent a distinct class of alkaloids bearing a structural resemblance to morphine, predominantly found in herbals of the Stephania genus. Their intriguing molecular architecture and potential analgesic properties have captured the interest of medicinal chemists worldwide. This review meticulously examines the natural distribution, structural characteristics, biosynthetic pathways, synthetic methodologies, and biological activities of hasubanans.