Multiple perspectives of spiritual intelligence: A systematic literature review

This paper aims to understand the influence of sociocultural perspectives on the perception and conceptualization of spiritual intelligence (SI). To do so, a systematic literature review was carried out, and 64 journal articles and reviews form the sample for data analysis. Four different perspectives (Western, Eastern, Islamic, and Hindu) were identified. In the Western perspective, an egocentric and utilitarian approach to the construct prevails. In the Islamic perspective, religion is understood as the only possible expression of SI. In the Eastern perspective, the point of view of the common good and the connection with nature prevails. In the Hindu perspective, however, knowledge is the key to expanding spiritual awareness. The results indicate that the authors' perspective interferes in the understanding of the conceptualization of SI and its dimensions, and in the interpretation of the research results. Finally, a framework for analyzing SI research is proposed.