Repeated Morphine Exposure Alters Temporoamonic-CA1 Synaptic Plasticity in Male Rat Hippocampus

In this study, the electrophysiological and biochemical consequences of repeated exposure to morphine in male rats on glutamatergic synaptic transmission, synaptic plasticity, the expression of GABA receptors and glutamate receptors at the temporoammonic-CA1 synapse along the longitudinal axis of the hippocampus (dorsal, intermediate, ventral, DH, IH, VH, respectively) were investigated. Slice electrophysiological methods, qRT-PCR, and western blotting techniques were used to characterize synaptic plasticity properties. We showed that repeated morphine exposure (RME) reduced excitatory synaptic transmission and ability for long-term potentiation (LTP) in the VH as well as eliminated the dorsoventral difference in paired-pulse responses. A decreased expression of NR2B subunit in the VH and an increased expression GABAA receptor of α1 and α5 subunits in the DH were observed following RME. Furthermore, RME did not affect the expression of NR2A, AMPA receptor subunits, and γ2GABAA and GABAB receptors in either segment of the hippocampus. In sum, the impact of morphine may differ depending on the region of the hippocampus studied. A distinct change in the short- and long-term synaptic plasticity along the hippocampus long axis due to repeated morphine exposure, partially mediated by a change in the expression profile of glutamatergic receptor subunits. These findings can be useful in further understanding the cellular mechanism underlying deficits in information storage and, more generally, cognitive processes resulting from chronic opioid abuse.