Chance-Constrained Optimal Scheduling of Power and Hydrogen Systems in Power Distribution Network with Significant Photovoltaic and Carbon Offsetting strategies

The urgent need to address climate issues increases the significance of sustainable strategies in power networks. This study focuses on the optimal operation of a hydrogen-based microgrid incorporated with photovoltaics (PVs), time-of-use demand response (TOU-DR) program, distributed generation (DG) units, hydrogen fuel stations (HFSs), and battery storage units. Employing a multi-objective approach, the study aims to minimize emissions and system operation costs, being validated by implementing it on the IEEE 33-bus test network. To address the carbon emissions issue, the Power-to-gas (P-to-G) facility is utilized to capture and recycle CO2 pollutions. The implementation of a carbon trading market mechanism is also adopted to further enhance the generation capacity of the PV units and facilitate the achievement of sustainable development goals. Besides, the presence of uncertainties in renewable generation, demand, operational characteristics of hydrogen vehicles, and market prices pose challenges for the system operator, which is addressed by employing the chance constraint programming (CCP) method. Results show that using the P-to-G system has led to a 10% emissions reduction. However, this is accompanied by a corresponding 25% increase in operational costs. Additionally, when operating under the CCP constraints, the system's storage level has been increased by 10% to ensure optimal performance.