Electrochemical Micro-scaled Biosensor for Noninvasive Detection of Lactate.

Lactate is a significant biomarker in the anaerobic metabolic pathways of the physiological system. The increase in the level of lactate may lead to disease conditions. It is an essential physical regulator. Lactate is detectable in a range of bodily fluids, such as blood, sweat, plasma, and urine. Among these choices, sweat demonstrates a notable level of concentration. Hence, the feasibility of noninvasive lactate detection has garnered increasing interest and offers a reassuring experience for patients. The present study focuses on the development of an electro-microfluidic device for the non-invasive detection of lactate. The detection platform utilizes an electrochemical sensing system as its foundation. An inkjet-printed electrode improved with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and functionalized with the Lactate oxidase (LO x ) enzyme. The flexible microfluidic device integrated with a three-electrode system was used for electrochemical sensing lactate levels. The assessment of the enzyme immobilization response was conducted using cyclic voltammetry (CV). The sensor shows a linear range of 1-20 mM concentration with a limit of detection (LoD) and a Limit of Quantification (LoQ) as 1 mM and 3 mM. Due to the inherent flexibility of the electrode, it possesses the capability to be utilized for the purpose of point-of-care lactate detection.