Impact of the Complex Terrain in Beijing on Formation of Low-Level Jets

This study investigated how the Taihang Mountains and the Yanshan Mountains affect low-level jets (LLJs) in the Beijing area, based on conventional radiosonde observations from Nanjiao Observatory (2016–2017) and high-resolution Weather Research and Forecasting–Advanced Research WRF (WRF-ARW) model simulations. Analysis of radiosonde observations indicated that LLJs in the study area are mainly from the southwest and northwest directions, with occurrence frequency of 44.6