Phytochemical Studies, GC-MS Analysis and In vivo Analgesic, Anti-inflammatory and Antidiarrheal Activity of Chaerophyllum villosum Wall. ex Dc. and Achillia millefolium L

Abstract Background: Chaerophyllum villosum (Ganjari) and Achillea millefolium L. (Yarrow) are highly medicinal plants widely used in both folk and official medicine. Materials and Methods: The analgesic activities of C. villosum and A. millefolium were evaluated by hot plate method and acetic acid-induced writhing test, the anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated by carrageenan-induced paw oedema method and antidiarrheal activity was carried out by charcoal meal test. Results: The quantitative phytochemical analysis and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of both plants showed several phytoconstituents including alkaloids, phenols, tannins, flavonoids, saponin, terpenoids with highest concentration of Tri tetracontane (7.52%) and methyl stearate (8.5%) in methanolic and chloroformic extract of C. Villosum respectively. Octadecanal (6.21%) and n-hexadecanoic acid (10.6%) were showing maximum concentration in methanolic and chloroformic extract of A. millefolium respectively. The chloroformic extract of A. millefolium showed higher (25.33 ± 4.72) peripheral analgesic activities at 300 mg/kg. The chloroformic extract of Chaerophyllum villosum exhibited higher (11.56 ± 0.15) central analgesic activities at 300 mg/kg. In antidiarrheal activity the methanolic extract of Chaerophyllum villosum highly (17.06 ± 1.5) inhibited charcoal movement at 300 mg/kg. In anti-inflammatory activities the chloroformic extract of Chaerophyllum villosum at 300 mg/kg showed high inhibition in the paw volume (1.09 ± 0.04) after 5 hours of induction of carrageenan. Conclusion: The results suggested that Chaerophyllum villosum and Acheilia millefolium exhibited significant peripheral and central analgesic activity, anti-inflammatory and antidiarrheal activity which elucidated its use in the treatment of pain, inflammation and gastrointestinal disorders.