Upgrading Lignin into Graphene-Based Materials: State of the Art and Perspectives

Lignin is a promising precursor to produce graphene materials due to its high carbon and aromatic contents. Upgrading lignin into graphene materials has gained significant interests as it offers a cost-effective and sustainable route to produce high-performance carbon materials. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art technologies on lignin to graphene materials with a focus on thermal catalytic and photothermal upgrading. The applications of lignin-derived graphene materials and the perspectives for mass production of such graphene materials are also discussed.