Strategies for Transboundary Swine Disease Management in Asian Islands: Foot and Mouth Disease, Classical Swine Fever, and African Swine Fever in Taiwan, Japan, and the Philippines

Simple Summary This comprehensive review explores how Taiwan, Japan, and the Philippines manage the threat of swine transboundary animal diseases (TADs), focusing on foot and mouth disease (FMD), classical swine fever (CSF), and African swine fever (ASF). The challenge at hand is the effective control and prevention of these diseases, crucial for safeguarding the swine industry and food security in Asian islands. This study examines varied government strategies, such as mass vaccination, zoning, and intensive surveillance, employed by these islands. Taiwan successfully eradicated FMD through widespread vaccination, Japan effectively controlled CSF re-emergence in wild boars, and the Philippines utilized a zoning strategy for FMD eradication. Despite these successes, the persistent threat of an ASF pandemic, particularly in the Philippines, underscores the need for tailored and unified approaches in transboundary disease control. The lessons gained from these past experiences contribute to global efforts to manage TADs, emphasizing the importance of multi-sectoral and multi-institutional cooperative strategies for the benefit of society's health and food security.Abstract Swine transboundary diseases pose significant challenges in East and Southeast Asia, affecting Taiwan, Japan, and the Philippines. This review delves into strategies employed by these islands over the past two decades to prevent or manage foot and mouth disease (FMD), classical swine fever (CSF), and African swine fever (ASF) in domestic pigs and wild boars. Despite socio-economic differences, these islands share geographical and climatic commonalities, influencing their thriving swine industries. Focusing on FMD eradication, this study unveils Taiwan's success through mass vaccination, Japan's post-eradication surveillance, and the Philippines' zoning strategy. Insights into CSF in Japan emphasize the importance of wild boar control, whereas the ASF section highlights the multifaceted approach implemented through the Philippine National ASF Prevention and Control Program. This review underscores lessons learned from gained experiences, contributing to a comprehensive understanding of swine disease management in the region.