Evaluation of Antimicrobial Properties, Cell Viability, and Metalloproteinase Activity of Bioceramic Endodontic Materials Used in Vital Pulp Therapy

This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial properties, cell viability, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibition capacity of several endodontic materials aimed at vital pulp therapy: Pro Root MTA (R), EndoSequence (R), Biodentine (R), MTA Angelus (R), TheraCal LC (R), and BioC Repair (R). The materials were prepared according to the manufacturer's instructions. Antimicrobial tests were conducted using a microcosm biofilm model, cell viability was assessed using murine fibroblasts (L929), and MMP activity was analyzed through electrophoresis. The results showed that BioC Repair (R), Biodentine (R), and EndoSequence (R) exhibited similar antimicrobial properties, while MTA Angelus (R) and ProRoot MTA (R) had inferior results but were comparable to each other. In terms of cell viability, no significant differences were observed among the materials. EndoSequence (R) demonstrated the highest MMP inhibition capacity. In conclusion, BioC Repair (R), Biodentine (R), EndoSequence (R), and TheraCal (R) showed better antimicrobial properties among the tested materials. The materials did not exhibit significant differences in terms of cytotoxicity. However, EndoSequence (R) displayed superior MMP inhibition capacity.