Exploring Hilbert-Space Fragmentation on a Superconducting Processor
arxiv(2024)
摘要
Isolated interacting quantum systems generally thermalize, yet there are
several counterexamples for the breakdown of ergodicity, such as many-body
localization and quantum scars. Recently, ergodicity breaking has been observed
in systems subjected to linear potentials, termed Stark many-body localization.
This phenomenon is closely associated with Hilbert-space fragmentation,
characterized by a strong dependence of dynamics on initial conditions. Here,
we experimentally explore initial-state dependent dynamics using a ladder-type
superconducting processor with up to 24 qubits, which enables precise control
of the qubit frequency and initial state preparation. In systems with linear
potentials, we observe distinct non-equilibrium dynamics for initial states
with the same quantum numbers and energy, but with varying domain wall numbers.
This distinction becomes increasingly pronounced as the system size grows, in
contrast with disordered interacting systems. Our results provide convincing
experimental evidence of the fragmentation in Stark systems, enriching our
understanding of the weak breakdown of ergodicity.
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