Neonicotinoid Insecticides and Their Characteristic Metabolites may Induce High Fasting Blood Glucose and Obesity in Human

Neonicotinoid insecticides (NEOs) find widespread application globally as a safeguard for agricultural production. While these pollutants exhibit toxicity towards non-target organisms and pose potential risks to human health, there is a noticeable dearth of studies documenting the adverse effects of neonicotinoid insecticides (NEOs) specifically in humans. In this study, the concentrations of six NEOs and their five metabolites were measured in the blood samples collected from the normal (n = 130) and obesity (n = 130) cohorts in South China. An evaluation was undertaken to examine the associations between the levels of target analytes and either fasting blood glucose (FBG) or the condition of being overweight. Results showed that the NEOs and their metabolites were frequently detected (63–100