Effect of surface/bulk polarization on piezocatalysis using BaTiO3

BaTiO3 (BT) was synthesized using a solid-state reaction route. X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy were conducted for structural analysis. The morphology of the prepared BT was analyzed with Scanning Electron Microscopy. Samples were exposed to different types of poling techniques i.e., surface poling through flexoelectric-like effect, traditional DC poling, and pulse poling. Two distinct sets of experiments were conducted to assess the impact of these poling techniques on dye degradation through piezocatalysis. The BT exhibited flexoelectric-like behavior on the ceramic surfaces, resulting in a 75