3D culture of pancreatic cancer cells in vitro recapitulates an aberrant mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation genotype observed in vivo

The treatment of many aggressive cancers remains a significant unmet medical need. An aberrant dependence of tumors on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation pathways has been well characterized in mediating the progression of pancreatic cancers, as well as some other malignancies. However, the discovery and development of new therapeutic strategies targeting or manipulating this pathway in pancreatic tumors has been relatively slow when compared with other cancers, limiting the current options for treating patients. One key technical challenge in discovering new therapies has been the limited ability of cancer cell lines when grown in 2D conditions to recapitulate the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation pathways in vitro that have been observed in vivo. In part, this is because 2D cultures fail to mimic the extracellular 3D tumoral environment. More generally, the translation of data based on 2D pancreatic cancer cell culture systems have also been constraining options for discovering new therapies. Conversely, 3D cultures can provide an improved technology platform in which pathologically relevant pathways in tumors can be recapitulated and analyzed in vitro. In this study, we have demonstrated in 3D cultures the reconstruction of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation genotype in vitro, which more closely resembles that observed in vivo. Our study highlights the value of using transcriptomic readouts as a method to demonstrate the relevance and utility of 3D preclinical models in vitro, when grown in a more physiological extracellular environment. This key technological advance can now better enable the discovery and subsequent development of new therapeutic strategies targeting disease-relevant pathways found in pancreatic and other tumors. ### Competing Interest Statement I have read the journal's policy and the authors of this manuscript have the following competing interests: MPK is a founder and shareholder of Real Research Sp. z.o.o. and JMT is a founder and shareholder of Talisman Therapeutics Limited. The specific roles of these authors are articulated in the ?author contributions? section. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.