Afforestation using a range of tree species, in New Zealand: New Forest trial series establishment, site description, and initial data.

Global climate change and shift towards a bio-economy has heightened the need to design sustainable forestry systems that balance economic, environmental and social benefits. In New Zealand, production forests are dominated by planted Pinus radiata, which makes up 90% of the planted forest area. There is very little data driven evidence in New Zealand to support diversifying across a range of tree species and what timber and non-timber benefits may be gained by diversifying tree species in New Zealand's production forests. The New Zealand New Forest Trial Series (NFTS) was designed and established in 2013 on marginal pastoral land to address the knowledge gap for how afforesting land with different trees species, both exotic and indigenous to New Zealand, across a climate range can deliver to both timber and non-timber benefits. These trials were planted with Cupressocyparis ovensii, Eucalyptus fastigata, Fraxinus excelsior, Nothofagus fusca (plus Leptospermum scoparium), Pinus radiata, Podocarpus totara and Sequoia sempervirens plus a control with no planting to monitor natural succession. The Before-After-Control-Impact (BACI) experiment design has collected pre-planting data describing the present vegetation and a range of soil properties, presented in this paper. This will allow the comparative monitoring of the changes that will occur through planting the various tree species on marginal land in different environments through time. With time the long-term trials will deliver data evidence on tree species survival when planted into marginal pastoral land, tree productivity and the flow of economic, environmental and social benefits from the new plantings. This knowledge will strengthen New Zealand's forestry sector confidence to make informed decisions to diversify tree species with changing climatic and social challenges.