Probucol-bile acid based nanoparticles protect auditory cells from oxidative stress: an in vitro study

Aim: Excessive free radicals contribute to oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). The antioxidant probucol holds promise, but its limited bioavailability and inner ear barriers hinder effective SNHL treatment. Methodology: We addressed this by developing probucol-loaded nanoparticles with polymers and lithocholic acid and tested them on House Ear Institute-Organ of Corti cells. Results: Probucol-based nanoparticles effectively reduced oxidative stress-induced apoptosis, enhanced cellular viability, improved probucol uptake and promoted mitochondrial function. Additionally, they demonstrated the capacity to reduce reactive oxygen species through the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 pathway. Conclusion: This innovative nanoparticle system holds the potential to prevent oxidative stress-related hearing impairment, providing an effective solution for SNHL. Plain language summary: Hearing loss affects millions of people worldwide, and its prevalence is expected to double by 2050. Current treatments have limitations, pushing researchers to explore new options. Oxidative stress is a key player in hearing loss and is known to damage inner ear hair cells. While antioxidants, known for their protective effects, hold promise, delivering them effectively to the inner ear is challenging. Scientists have been testing nanoparticles loaded with the antioxidant probucol to fight hearing loss. In this study, these particles protected inner ear cells in cell studies, offering potential hope for preventing hearing problems. This research is a significant step toward finding better treatments for hearing loss.