Data-Driven Models Applied to Predictive and Prescriptive Maintenance of Wind Turbine: A Systematic Review of Approaches Based on Failure Detection, Diagnosis, and Prognosis

Wind energy has achieved a leading position among renewable energies. The global installed capacity in 2022 was 906 GW of power, with a growth of 8.4% compared to the same period in the previous year. The forecast is that the barrier of 1,000,000 MW of installed wind capacity in the world will be exceeded in July 2023, according to data from the World Association of Wind Energy. In order to support the expected growth in the wind sector, maintenance strategies for wind turbines must provide the reliability and availability necessary to achieve these goals. The usual maintenance procedures may present difficulties in keeping up with the expansion of this energy source. The objective of this work was to carry out a systematic review of the literature focused on research on the predictive and prescriptive maintenance of wind turbines based on the implementation of data-oriented models with the use of artificial intelligence tools. Deep machine learning models involving the detection, diagnosis, and prognosis of failures in this equipment were addressed.