Dynamical generation of skyrmion and bimeron crystals by a circularly polarized electric field in frustrated magnets
arxiv(2024)
摘要
A skyrmion crystal (SkX) has attracted much attention in condensed matter
physics, since topologically nontrivial structures induce fascinating physical
phenomena. The SkXs have been experimentally observed in a variety of
materials, where the Zeeman coupling to the static magnetic field plays an
important role in the formation of the SkXs. In this study, we theoretically
propose another route to generate the SkXs by using a circularly polarized
electric field. We investigate a non-equilibrium steady state in a classical
frustrated Heisenberg magnet under the circularly polarized electric field,
where the electric field is coupled to the electric polarization via the
spin-current mechanism. By numerically solving the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert
equation at zero temperature, we show that the electric field radiation
generates a SkX with a high topological number in the high-frequency regime,
where the sign of the skyrmion number is fixed to be negative (positive) under
the left (right) circularly polarized field. The intense electric field melts
these SkXs and generates isolated skyrmions. We clarify that the microscopic
origin is effective electric-field-induced three-spin interactions by adopting
the high-frequency expansion in the Floquet formalism. Furthermore, we find
that the electric field radiation generates another type of SkXs, a bimeron
crystal, in the low-frequency regime. Our results provide a way to generate the
SkXs and control the topology by the circularly polarized electric field.
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