Closed-loop recycling of lithium iron phosphate cathodic powders via citric acid leaching

Lithium recovery from Lithium-ion batteries requires hydrometallurgy but up-to-date technologies aren’t economically viable for Lithium-Iron-Phosphate (LFP) batteries. Selective leaching (specifically targeting Lithium and based on mild organic acids and low temperatures) is attracting attention because of decreased environmental impacts compared to conventional hydrometallurgy. This study analysed the technical and economic performances of selective leaching with 6