Slow Light Augmented Unbalanced Interferometry for Extreme Enhancement in Sensitivity of Measuring Frequency Shift in a Laser
arxiv(2024)
摘要
We demonstrate a slow-light augmented unbalanced Mach-Zehnder interferometer
(MZI) which can be used to enhance very significantly the sensitivity of
measuring the frequency shift in a laser. The degree of enhancement depends on
the group index of the slow-light medium, the degree of imbalance between the
physical lengths of the two arms of the MZI, and the spectral width of the
laser. For a laser based on a high-finesse cavity, yielding a narrow quantum
noise limited spectral width, the group index has to be larger than the finesse
in order to achieve enhancement in measurement sensitivity. For the reported
results, strong slow-light effect is produced by employing electro-magnetically
induced transparency via coherent population trapping in a buffer-gas loaded
vapor cell of Rb atoms, with a maximum group index of 1759. The observed
enhancement in sensitivity for a range of group indices agrees well with the
theoretical model. The maximum enhancement factor observed is 22355, and much
larger values can be obtained using cold atoms for producing the slow-light
effect, for example. The sensitivity of any sensor that relies on measuring the
frequency shift of a laser can be enhanced substantially using this technique.
These include, but are not limited to, gyroscopes and accelerometers based on a
conventional ring laser or a superluminal ring laser, and detectors for
virialized ultra-light field dark matter. We also show how similar enhancements
can be achieved in a slow-light augmented unbalanced Michelson interferometer.
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