Review of Applications of Vulnerability Assessments to Saltmarsh, Beach, and Mixed Shoreline Systems

With increasing threats from climate change and direct human impacts to coastal systems, vulnerability assessment approaches have been developed to enable prioritisation of management actions. This study reviewed vulnerability assessment literature about saltmarsh, beach and mixed shoreline systems published in English. Literature searches and NVivo software were used to analyse literature available, indicative of patterns and gaps in research. Results showed thirteen different methods used in selected literature to assess vulnerability, and the most commonly used was the indices approach. In saltmarsh systems, most articles employed unique methods rather than repeating established ones, and spatial change methods were rare. The majority of research did not include definitions of vulnerability or an indication of which conceptualisation of vulnerability was being used. Most literature assessed vulnerability to climate change and sea level rise, rather than natural hazards or other human impacts. The mangrove vulnerability assessment literature was far more voluminous relative to applications to beach, saltmarsh or mixed such systems. This review identifies how future research can better assess gaps in knowledge, and progress more unified understanding of coastal vulnerability.