Treatment plan for maxillary third molars based on radiological findings varies among oral surgeons – A web-based “paper” clinic study

Objectives To evaluate variation in treatment plans and pathological findings related to maxillary second and third molars based on PAN images and CBCT among Danish and Dutch oral and maxillofacial surgeons. Study design This web-based “paper” clinic contained 10 cases of impacted maxillary third molars comprising clinical information, PAN, and CBCT. Treatment plan and pathological findings were established based on clinical information and PAN, thereafter, based on CBCT by 28 surgeons. Options for treatment plan for third molars were no treatment, or tooth removal. Options for treatment plan for second molars were no treatment, tooth removal, or endodontic and/or filling therapy. The surgeons assessed external root resorption, marginal bone loss, and follicular space. Results A change in treatment plan between PAN and CBCT was registered between 0% and 43% of the surgeons among the cases. The surgeons did not agree completely on the treatment plan in any of the cases. Variation was present among the surgeons evaluating pathological findings. In several cases, severity of root resorption was rated worse in CBCT than in PAN. Conclusions Variation in treatment plan and pathological findings was observed among surgeons. No correlation between change in pathological findings and change in treatment plan was found. Statement of Clinical Relevance Variation exists among oral surgeons regarding treatment planning and pathological findings related to maxillary second and third molars seen in panoramic images and CBCT. In several cases external root resorption was more severe seen in CBCT compared to panoramic imaging.