Catalytic imaging-guided cancer therapy using non-coordinated and coordinated nanozymes

Nanozymes with and without coordinated structures, in addition to performing enzyme-mimic activities through converting O2– to H2O2 or H2O2 into O2 and OH, are of interest in the development of diagnostic imaging and image-guided therapy platforms. Controlled catalytic activity, high selectivity/sensitivity, low cost, easy generation, stability and biodegradability, and combination therapy, make the use of nanozymes promising for imaging-guided cancer therapy. Therefore, in this review, we attempt to describe the improved imaging resolution relied on the catalytic activity of nanozymes in the TME mediated by the accumulation of contrast agents (such as metal ions, contrast agents, and organic compounds) or molecules that provide the high-resolution imaging of tumor cells. The following section delves into important approaches, including tumor inhibition, nanocarrier clearance, biocompatibility, as well as the efficacy of nanozymes with and without coordinated structures in catalytic cancer therapy. Finally, with an overview of the challenges, we highlighted the main obstacles in the development of nanoscale catalysts in the advancement of multimodal imaging for improved diagnosis and cancer therapy. We hope that this review may clarify the important aspects regarding the utilization of nanozymes, both with and without coordinated structures in multi‐modal imaging and image‐guided cancer therapy.