The global burden of ischemic heart disease attributed to high fasting plasma glucose: Data from 1990 to 2019

Background: Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. High fasting plasma glucose (FPG) is an increasing risk factor for IHD. We aimed to explore the long-term trends of high FPG-attributed IHD mortality during 1990-2019. Methods: Data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 database. Deaths, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), the age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) and agestandardized DALY rate (ASDR) of IHD attributable to high FPG were estimated by sex, sociodemographic index (SDI), regions and age. Estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) were calculated to assess the trends of ASMR and ASDR of IHD attributable to high FPG. Results: IHD attributable to high FPG deaths increased from 1.04 million (0.62-1.63) in 1990 to 2.35 million (1.4-3.7) in 2019, and the corresponding DALYs rose from 19.82 million (12.68-29.4) to 43.3 million (27.8-64.2). In 2019, ASMR and ASDR of IHD burden attributable to high FPG were 30.45 (17.09-49.03) and 534.8 (340.7-792.2), respectively. The highest ASMR and ASDR of IHD attributable to high FPG occurred in low-middle SDI quintiles, with 39.28 (22.40-62.76) and 742.3 (461.5-1117.5), respectively, followed by low SDI quintiles and middle SDI quintiles. Males had higher ASMR and ASDR compared to females across the past 30 years. In addition, ASRs of DALYs and deaths were highest in those over 95 years old. Conclusion: High FPG-attributed IHD mortality and DALYs have increased dramatically and globally, particularly in low, low-middle SDI quintiles and among the elderly. High FPG remains a great concern on the global burden of IHD and effective prevention and interventions are urgently needed to curb the ranking IHD burden, especially in lower SDI regions.