A comprehensive evaluation of the most-sold baby diapers on the market

The performance of baby diapers is highly related to the occurrence of diaper rash. However, a comprehensive evaluation of baby diapers on the market is unavailable. Herein, we systematically investigated the performance of the six most-sold baby diapers on the market. We disassembled the selected diapers and investigated the structure and properties of the main components, including the top sheet, acquisition sheet, absorbent core, and back sheet. Then the urine absorption capability, excrement spreading capability, run-off, and wetback of the diapers were investigated using urine and loose stool to reflect the functions of diapers in practical usage. Our results indicated that the performance of baby diapers is highly dependent on the structure and properties of each diaper component. Specifically, excrement run-off and wetback were highly related to excrement absorption speed and excrement spreading properties, respectively, which depend on the complex interactions among the top sheet, acquisition sheet, and absorbent core. In particular, designing the top sheet with a three-dimensional convex-concave structure or large holes was beneficial to fast excrement penetration. Meanwhile, employing an acquisition sheet could improve the excrement spreading properties. In addition, an absorbent core with a high content of super absorbent polymer and an absorption channel also contributed to a better excrement absorption property. Notably, Pampers and Moony diapers exhibited relatively low urine wetback. Bobdog and Babycare diapers showed 0 g urine run-off. Besides, Huggies, and Moony diapers were relatively soft, which could provide a better contact feeling during usage. Furthermore, Beaba diapers exhibited the best air permeability of 42.511 mm s-1 due to the existence of more breathable holes. Our study may provide scientific inspiration for researchers and enterprises to develop next-generation high-performance baby diapers and serve as a guideline for consumers to choose the right baby diapers.