Selection effects on early life history traits and thermal resistance in brook charr Salvelinus fontinalis

In the context of climate change, it is crucial to understand whether animals that have been domesticated and (or) selected maintain their abilities to adapt to changes in their thermal environment. Here, we tested how selection for absence of early sexual maturation combined with better growth performance may have impacted thermal resistance and gene expression response in the presence of thermal stress in brook charr Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill, 1814). We performed temperature challenge tests on brook charr 0+ juveniles and studied the expression of genes involved in the response to oxidative stress, in synthesis of heat shock proteins, or involved in regulation of apoptosis, in heart and liver tissues. Juveniles from the selected lineage had a higher thermal resistance than controls and a loss of equilibrium occurred on average 1(degrees)C above what was observed for the controls. The relative expressions of catalase and HSP70 were significantly higher in juveniles from the selection program. Overall, thermally sensitive fish were characterized by low mass and length and lower relative expressions of genes associated with stress response. Our results indicate that selection for traits of interests may be indirectly related to the significant lineage effect on growth in early stages of development.