The association between urinary albumin excretion and nutrient status in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Introduction: Diet plays an important role in blood glucose control and management of vascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Excess food intake can be a burden to kidney function and, therefore increase diabetic nephropathy in T2DM. Objectives: To determine the nutritional status and the association between nutrition regime and urinary albumin excretion in patients with T2DM in Vietnam. Patients and Methods: The study was carried out on 594 outpatients with T2DM at military hospital 103, Hanoi, Vietnam from December 2020 to April 2021. Nutrient regime was calculated based on the guidelines of Vietnam national institute of nutrition. Urinary albumin concentrations were measured by enzymatic turbidimeter autoanalyzer. Results: Twenty-four hours nutrient intake is as follows: mean total calorie intake of 1913.72 +/- 235.87 kcal; protein of 80.76 +/- 14.56 g, fat of 51.10 +/- 13.97 g, carbohydrate of 284.83 +/- 47.71 g, fiber of 7.35 g (5.85-8.87). Calorie, protein, fat, and carbohydrate intakes per kilogram of body weight (BW) are lower in men compared with women. In the univariate analysis, urinary albumin concentrations correlated with 24-hour protein intake (r = 0.391, P= 0.02). In the univariate linear regression analysis, urinary albumin significantly correlated with protein intake (standardized B=0.616, P= 0.004); fat intake (standardized B=0.601, P= 0.002); diabetes duration (standardized B=0.441, P= 0.028), and energy intake (standardized B=-0.467, P= 0.039). Microalbuminuria (MAU) significantly correlated with protein intake (OR=1.042, P= 0.006) and HbA1c (OR = 1.664, P= 0.013). Conclusion: In patients with T2DM in Vietnam, 24-hour calory intake is 1913.72 +/- 235.87 kcal, fat and carbohydrate intakes are within the normal range. Urinary albumin concentrations and MAU had a significant correlation with protein, fat and calory intakes.