Recent Progress in All-Solid-State Z-scheme Heterostructures for Photoreduction of CO₂

Photoreduction of CO2 into valuable fuels using semiconductors has been known as a potential mean to simultaneously alleviate environmental and energy issues. Z-scheme photocatalytic systems can realize spatial separation of photogenerated charges and ensure strong redox capability simultaneously. Particularly, the all-solid-state Z-scheme photocatalysts for non aqueous redox mediators have been widely used for CO2 reduction. This review provides a comprehensive outlook of the essential components and recent advancements in all-solid-state Z-scheme systems designed for the photocatalytic reduction of CO2, including indirect Z-scheme, direct Z-scheme system, and mechanism on Z-scheme surface. Finally, a brief outlook on the challenges and novel courses within this domain is presented, which will give a rational guideline to improve the efficiency of hybrid photocatalysts for Z-scheme CO2 reduction.