Mechanisms and applications of third-order nonlinear optics in 2D lead halide perovskites

The unique optical and electrical characteristics of lead halide perovskites have garnered considerable interest, and they are highly suitable for use in devices such as solar cells and other optoelectronic equipment. The discovery of nonlinear optical characteristics in lead halide perovskites, especially those with a two-dimensional quantum well structure, has been a recent development. These substances demonstrate remarkable third-order nonlinear phenomena, such as saturation absorption, two-photon absorption, and nonlinear refraction, positioning them as a likely emerging focus in the realm of nonlinear optics. In this review, we present the structure and attributes of two-dimensional lead halide perovskites, delve into their diverse third-order nonlinear optical traits, and encapsulate their applications rooted in third-order nonlinear optics. Additionally, we offer a perspective on potential future trajectories in this area of study.