No massive black holes in the Milky Way halo
arxiv(2024)
摘要
The gravitational wave detectors have unveiled a population of massive black
holes that do not resemble those observed in the Milky Way. They may have
formed due to the evolution of massive low-metallicity stars, dynamical
interactions in dense stellar environments, or density fluctuations in the very
early Universe (primordial black holes). If the latter hypothesis is correct,
primordial black holes should comprise from several to 100
explain the black hole merger rates observed by gravitational wave detectors.
If such black holes existed in the Milky Way dark matter halo, they would cause
long-timescale gravitational microlensing events lasting years. Here, we
present the results of the search for the long-timescale microlensing events
among the light curves of 78.7 million stars located in the Large Magellanic
Cloud (LMC) that were monitored for 20 years (2001-2020) by the Optical
Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE) survey. We did not find any events with
timescales longer than one year. The properties of all thirteen microlensing
events with timescales shorter than one year detected by OGLE toward the LMC
can be explained by astrophysical objects located either in the LMC itself or
in the Milky Way disk, without the need to invoke dark matter in the form of
compact objects. We find that compact objects in the mass range from 1.8
× 10^-4 M_⊙ to 6.3 M_⊙ cannot compose more than 1
dark matter, and compact objects in the mass range from 1.3 ×
10^-5 M_⊙ to 860 M_⊙ cannot make up more than 10
matter. This conclusively rules out primordial black hole mergers as a dominant
source of gravitational waves.
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