Spatio-temporal optical vortices: principles of description and basic properties
arxiv(2024)
摘要
These notes appeared as a summary during the initial acquaintance with the
structure and properties of spatio-temporal optical vortices (STOV), as these
are presented in the current literature. The general approach to the STOV
description and characterization is based on the model of scalar paraxial
Gaussian wave packet. On this ground, the STOV structures of arbitrary orders
are considered as superpositions of spatio-temporal Hermite-Gaussian modes.
This representation enables the direct and physically meaningful
characterization of the STOV amplitude and phase distributions, their evolution
upon free propagation and in optical systems, internal energy flows and the
orbital angular momentum. The topologically determined asymmetry and the
difference between the "energy center" and "probability center" [Phys. Rev. A
107, L031501 (2023)] is discussed and qualitatively interpreted. Methods for
the STOV generation and diagnostics are outlined, and the main properties of
non-Gaussian (Bessel-type) STOVs are briefly described. The notes may be useful
as initial introduction to the STOV-associated ideas and their extraordinary
properties.
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