Optimized Energy Management System for Cost-effective Solar and Storage Integrated Fast-Charging Station.

Electric Vehicles (EVs) are key to sustainable cities, in particular when they get charged from renewable energy resources. However, the intermittent nature of variable renewable energy impacts the distribution system’s reliability. With the increasing maturity of energy storage system (ESS), the integration of solar photovoltaics (PV), ESS, and EVs can provide a cost-effective and green alternative to grid-based charging primarily based on fossil fuels for most regions. This paper presents a cost-effective energy management system (EMS) at a fast-charging station (FCS) for charging EVs based on electricity prices, which offers a platform for energy transactions among the FCS’s selling and procuring parties. The EMS of the FCS is simulated taking into account the solar PV, grid, ESS, EV charger, and building load limits. A mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model is developed and analysed for FCS owner profit maximization using IBM ILOG studio with CPLEX solver. Results indicate that, for the case of Auckland, New Zealand, the viability of FCS with solar and ESS exist, and the framework developed in this work can serve as a reference for all such deployments worldwide.