Formulation development, characterization and anti-cancer study of a nanocarrier based on albumin nanoparticles and exosome for carboplatin sustained release

Efficient delivery of antitumor drugs is an important area in the scientific community because of their effective distribution, high bioavailability, and improved therapeutic value. Herein, a biomimetic carrier using albumin nanoparticles (HSANP)and exosomes (EXO) was developed for the sustained release of carboplatin (CP). The formation of the nanocarrier was confirmed using FTIR, UV–Vis, fluorescence spectroscopy, DLS, and FESEM. The incubation time required for the binding of biomolecules to CP was investigated, and then CP loads on HSANP, EXO, and HSANP.EXO. The release behavior of the synthesized nanocarriers with average hydrodynamic diameters of 525 ± 11 nm, 453 ± 23 nm, and 347 ± 8 nm for CP.EXO, CP@HSANP, and CP.EXO@HSANP, respectively, was studied. The CP.EXO@HSANP system exhibited prolonged release of CP compared to the other systems. The release mechanism and kinetic parameters of the system were calculated. Furthermore, the viability of MCF7 cancer cells was assessed by MTT assay, which showed higher activity of CP.EXO@HSANP (CC50 = 0.42 mM) than that of free CP (CC50 = 0.83 mM), CP.EXO (CC50 = 0.61 mM), and CP@HSANP (CC50 = 0.96 mM). In addition, apoptotic induction by AO/PI staining indicated that CP.EXO@HSANP system affects cancer cells, MCF7, while having no significant impact on normal cells, HDF. In contrast, other systems induced more necrotic cell death in both cancer and normal cells than CP.EXO@HSANP system. Overall, biomimetic nanocarriers represent a promising approach for the sustained release of antitumor drugs, with higher efficacy and apoptotic induction.