Numerical simulation on potential landslide-induced wave hazards by a novel hybrid method

Landslide-induced waves pose significant risks to human lives, property, and infrastructure. The multifaceted nature of landslide movements combined with solid-fluid interactions makes hazard assessment of these waves particularly challenging. This study proposes a novel hybrid numerical method for simulating potential landslide-induced wave. The Material Point Method (MPM) is employed to evaluate landslide movement, taking into account residual slope strength and examining a potential landslide's displacement and velocity. Concurrently, the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method is used to model the propagation characteristics of impulse waves. This novel method's validity is established through two physical tests. Subsequently, it is employed to assess the impulse wave risk arising from a potential landslide in China. The findings indicate a maximum wave amplitude of 5.661 m, which reaches a proximate residential zone 75 s post-landslide, traveling at an approximate speed of 2.5 m/s. The influence of a landslide's residual strength on the amplitude of an impulse wave is also explored. Notably, a 20% increase in residual strength results in a 62% reduction in peak wave amplitude. Hence, comprehensive geotechnical investigations and tests are indispensable for gauging the risks associated with landslide-induced waves. This research offers a potent numerical simulation technique for such waves and furnishes valuable insights into risk assessment.