A detailed review of power system resilience enhancement pillars

The increasing occurrence of extreme vulnerabilities to electric grids due to natural catastrophes and cyber-attacks, has resulted in a rise in global power outages. This has compelled a sense of urgency to investigate resiliency issues and implement risk mitigation strategies. This article conducts a state-of-the-art review of the key pillars of power system resilience, examining the concepts and techniques to improve resilience against low-probability, high-impact events. The highlighted pillars include smartening, hardening, distributing, building, and the corresponding enhancement techniques. The article begins by enlightening the origin of resilience and its relevance in the power system context, followed by an exploration of the four key pillars. Additionally, it investigates the quantification of resilience in different levels of power systems facing diverse sources of extreme events. Emerging technologies that played a crucial role in enhancing resilience are discussed. Furthermore, the paper explores the concept of Greenfield and Brownfield power system design approaches to improve resilience against extreme events. Moreover, a transformative idea extending the conventional resilience philosophy, called antifragility, is clearly stated. The discussion extends to the need for resilience study from global perspectives, state-of-the-art technologies, and challenges and opportunities. To conclude, this review sheds light on the emerging trend of resilience research, paving the way for future research directions.