A review of carbon-based catalyst for production of renewable hydrocarbon rich fuel

As an alternative to petro-diesel fuel, biofuel known as green fuel has showed considerable potential and can be produced through a variety of hydrotreating reactions mainly catalysed by solid catalysts. Carbon is one of the most popular catalyst/ catalyst supports in biofuel production due to its physical, chemical, and mechanical stability, high versatility, cost worthiness and abundance. To impart or improve unique catalytic activity, carbon can be chemically functionalized and/or adorned with metallic nanoparticles. Carbon produced from biomass and produced via two-stage process (carbonization, and activation), this process required for altering activation conditions, pore sizes and active sites of AC can be controlled to cater for different usage. Numerous studies have been found for utilization of carbon supported catalyst in the hydrotreating or related biofuel process. Indeed, the vastness the usage of carbon as a base for catalytical processes for biofuel production has led to the current article, where this provides a review of current technology responsible for producing carbon material as well as pros and drawbacks of each processing method. The objective of this review is to present a comprehensive perspective of topics revolving carbon-based catalysts and its variations, including production, usage prospects in biofuel production, advantages and disadvantages and future prospects of carbon as a base for catalytical processes in biofuel productions.