Involvement of miR-199a-5p-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticle-polyethyleneimine-KALA in osteogenic differentiation

Background/purpose While there are numerous reports on surgical techniques and materials for bone grafting, limited methods are available to enhance the body's inherent capacity to heal bones. Here we investigated microRNA-199a (miR-199a), a molecular that promotes osteoblast differentiation and bone healing. Materials and methods To construct a miR-199a delivery complex, miR-199a-5p mimics were coated with mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) following modified with polyethyleneimine (PEI) and peptide WEAKLAKALAKALAKHLAKALAKALKACEA (KALA) to obtain 199a-5p-loaded MSN-PEI-KALA. Nanoparticle complexes are assessed for particle size and zeta potential using transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering. Then MC3T3-E1 cells are exposed to MSN_miR-199a-5p @PEI-KALA. The impact of MSN_miR-199a-5p@PEI-KALA at varying concentrations on cell viability is assessed using Cell Counting Kit-8. Cell uptake and distribution were analyzed by double fluorescent staining with fluorescein amidite-labeled MSN_miR-199a@PEI-KALA and lysosome labeling. On day 7 after osteogenic induction, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining was conducted. Results The findings indicated that the nanoparticle complexes encapsulating PEI and peptide exhibited an augmentation in both particle size and zeta potential. At a dosage of 10 μg/mL, MSN_miR-199a@PEI-KALA displayed the lowest cytotoxicity compared to the control group. MC3T3-E1 cells treated with MSN_miR-199a-5p@PEI-KALA exhibited intensified ALP staining and elevated mRNA expression levels of ALP, runt-related transcription factor 2, and osteopontin, suggesting the involvement of miR-199a-5p-loaded MSN-PEI-KALA in osteogenic differentiation. Conclusion The successful construction of the delivering complex MSN_miR-199a@PEI-KALA in present research highlights the promise of this biomaterial carrier for the application of miRNAs in treating bone defects.