Impact of surgical lung biopsy on lung function and survival in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in a multi-centre registry cohort

Background and Objective: Establishing an accurate and timely diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is essential for appropriate management and prognostication. In some cases, surgical lung biopsy (SLB) is performed but carries non-negligible risk. The objective of this retrospective study was to determine if SLB is associated with accelerated lung function decline in patients with IPF using the Canadian Registry for Pulmonary Fibrosis. Methods: Linear mixed models and Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to compare decline in forced vital capacity (FVC)%, diffusion capacity of the lung (DLCO%) and risk of death or lung transplantation between SLB and non-SLB patients. Adjustments were made for baseline age, sex, smoking history, antifibrotic use, and lung function. A similar analysis compared lung function changes 12 months pre- and post-SLB. Results: A total of 81 SLB patients and 468 non-SLB patients were included. In the SLB group, the post-biopsy annual FVC% decline was 2.0% (+/- 0.8) in unadjusted, and 2.1% (+/- 0.8) in adjusted models. There was no difference in FVC% decline, DLCO% decline, or time to death or lung transplantation between the two groups, in adjusted or unadjusted models (all p-values >0.07). In the pre-post SLB group, no differences were identified in FVC% decline in unadjusted or adjusted models (p = 0.07 for both). Conclusion: No association between SLB and lung function decline or risk of death or lung transplantation was identified in this multi-centre study of patients with IPF.