An assessment of quantum phase estimation protocols for early fault-tolerant quantum computers
arxiv(2024)
摘要
We compare several quantum phase estimation (QPE) protocols intended for
early fault-tolerant quantum computers (EFTQCs) in the context of models of
their implementations on a surface code architecture. We estimate the logical
and physical resources required to use these protocols to calculate the ground
state energy of molecular hydrogen in a minimal basis with error below
10^-3 atomic units in the presence of depolarizing logical errors.
Accounting for the overhead of rotation synthesis and magic state distillation,
we find that the total T-gate counts do not vary significantly among the EFT
QPE protocols at fixed state overlap. In addition to reducing the number of
ancilla qubits and circuit depth, the noise robustness of the EFT protocols can
be leveraged to reduce resource requirements below those of textbook QPE,
realizing approximately a 300-fold reduction in computational volume in some
cases. Even so, our estimates are well beyond the scale of existing early
fault-tolerance demonstrations.
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