Evaluating Impacts of Biosynthetic Silver Nanoparticles on Morphophysiological Responses in Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

In recent years, nanotechnology has shown promising potential to enhance sustainable agriculture. Besides their use as antifungal and antimicrobial agents, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are the most widespread nanomaterials and are found in a capacious range of agrocommercial products. This study was designed to investigate the responses of morphophysiological characteristics in barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) to biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles. Spherical shapes with 8–20 nm size AgNPs at different concentrations (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 mg/L) were applied to barley plants in a hydroponic system. Following 7 days of sowing, the growth performance, chlorophyll contents, oxidative damage, and the activity level of antioxidant enzymes were quantified in different parts of the plant. The results indicated a remarkable boost in the growth performance and chlorophyll contents of barley plants up to a concentration of 150 mg/L. Interestingly, the levels of proline, lipid peroxidation, enzymes; superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), (APX), and (GR) activities were enhanced significantly in response to all AgNPs treatments. In general, the application of AgNPs substantially improved the growth and related morphophysiological attributes in barley. Our results provide new insights with respect to the effects of AgNPs on barley growth and their potential applications in increasing the performance of other crop species.